Seeing cosmic phenomena with the naked eye can be a rare thing. So when someone introduces themselves, it’s good to sit up and pay attention. As well as the recent solar eclipse and phenomena like the Aurora Borealis seen in our skies, there’s another dazzling event you’ll want to catch as soon as possible. It’s time to join the ranks of NASA scientists and astronomers waiting with bated breath for the cosmic explosion that will light up the night sky — and you don’t even need a telescope to see it.
In February 2016, astronomers broke the news that the T Coronae Borealis star system had entered a “phase of unprecedented high activity.” Eight years later, that solar activity could result in a nova event large enough to be visible from Earth with the naked eye.
In a nova event, a white dwarf star pulls solar material from a nearby red giant. When the heat and pressure increase too much, the result is a thermonuclear explosion. This makes the white dwarf appear brighter in the sky, but it does not disintegrate, and once the explosion dissipates, the star returns to its original brightness. This massive explosion is a nova.
The nova can be seen with the naked eye for more than a week after it occurs. For that period, it will seem as if a new star has appeared in the sky. According to NASA, the eruption could happen anytime, day or night, between now and September, although scientists say it could take longer.
What will the new one look like?
Those lucky enough to watch the night sky when the show begins may be disappointed. It won’t look as explosive as it really is. According to Dr. Elizabeth Hayes, project scientist for the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope at NASA’s Goddard Space Center, said someone looking at the sky when the event occurs won’t see anything right away.
“If they keep watching for the next 24 hours, they’ll see a faint star appear and gradually brighten,” Hayes told CNET. “Of course, someone on Earth will have their view cut off as the Earth rotates.”
“The best time to look with the eyes will be about a day after the eruption,” Hayes said. “But the nova will be visible to the naked eye for a few days.”
This NASA video shows what it looks like.
The last nova from this star system was in 1946
The cosmic light show is courtesy of T Coronae Borealis, also known as the Blaze Star or T CrB. It is a binary star system comprising a white dwarf and an ancient red giant about 3,000 light-years from Earth in the Northern Crown of the Milky Way. It is part of the Corona Borealis constellation that makes a distinctive “C” shape in the sky, mostly during the summer months.
A white dwarf, which is the dead remnant of a star, is about the size of Earth but has the same mass as the Sun. Meanwhile, the aging red giant is a dying star that is spewing material into space. The massive gravitational pull of the white dwarf is pulling in material ejected from the red giant. Once the white dwarf has accumulated enough material, the heat builds up enough to cause a runaway thermonuclear reaction. This explosion is called a nova.
The previous nova from this star system occurred in 1946. It’s a cycle that has been going on since it was first discovered more than 800 years ago.
“It’s a once-in-a-lifetime event that will create a lot of young astronomers out there, giving young people a cosmic event they can observe for themselves, ask their own questions and collect their own data,” Rebekah said. Hounsell. an assistant research scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. “This will feed the next generation of scientists.”
Where is the Corona Borealis?
You’re probably not as familiar with the Corona Borealis as you are with the more easily distinguishable constellations, like the Big Dipper. It’s hard to find in the night sky if it’s not clear. Light pollution from big cities can also make it harder to find.
NASA says the easiest way to find the Corona Borealis is to find Vega and Arcturus, the two brightest stars in the northern hemisphere. (Skygazing apps for your phone can help with this.) From there, you can basically draw an imaginary line between the two. Corona Borealis is almost in the middle. You can use the chart below to see what we mean.
The nova will occur in the constellation Corona Borealis near the constellation Hercules and right between Vega and Arcturus.
Alternatively, you can also look for the constellation Hercules and the Corona Borealis will be right next to it. Remember that you can’t see the star in question until the nova occurs, so if you look up in the sky before it happens, the place where the nova will occur won’t be visible.
When will T CrB nova happen?
Nobody knows for sure. Astronomers and scientists only know that the nova will explode at any time. Most of them agree that the nova should be done anytime before about September, although it may take longer.
Since the nova can happen at any moment, NASA is relying on citizen astronomers and space enthusiasts to call it when the nova occurs.
“Using social media and email, (observers) will send instant alerts,” said Elizabeth Hays, chief of the Astroparticle Physics Laboratory at NASA Goddard. “We’re counting on that global community interaction again with T CrB.”
Early detection could also help NASA gather more data about the event to better understand its mechanics.
“We will observe the nova event at its peak and through its decay as the apparent energy of the explosion fades,” Hounsell said. “But it’s just as critical to get data during the early outburst—so the data collected by those eager citizen scientists who are now looking for novae will contribute dramatically to our findings.”
Do I need a telescope to see the nova?
No. NASA says the nova will be visible to the naked eye on a clear night. It will also be quite bright, so it should be quite visible. But as always, people with telescopes and binoculars will have a better view.
People with high powered telescopes will see the changes more definitely.
“A telescope measuring the optical spectrum would see something very different from the red giant’s spectrum,” Hayes said. They will see “nova explosions emit spectral lines at specific wavelengths. These tell us about the elements in the explosion and how fast the blast wave is moving away from the white dwarf.”
Nova will not look like an explosion like you see in Michael Bay movies. It will just look like another star in the sky that wasn’t there before.
What is the difference between a nova and a supernova?
Most people have heard of the term “supernova”. It is the last dying gasp of a star as it darkens. However, this last dying gasp also happens to be the largest explosion ever witnessed by humans, as the star violently ejects material into space. Scientists believe that supernovae are responsible for elements heavier than iron in the universe. Oddly enough, even the iron in your blood can be traced back to supernovae or similar cosmic explosions.
A nova, on the other hand, requires two stars. One star is always a white dwarf, while the other is usually a red giant.
There are other types of nova. Hypernovae are supernovae that reach a certain size and luminosity. Typically, they are about 10 or more times brighter than a standard supernova. Another type, an extremely rare kilonova, occurs when two neutron stars collide, releasing an incredible gravitational wave along with electromagnetic radiation.